# BPC-157 Research References — Full Citation Index

> Complete citation index for the BPC-157 research summarized on this site: peer-reviewed studies, systematic reviews, pharmacokinetic analyses, human pilot data, and regulatory documents with DOIs and PubMed URLs.

Every citation used on this site, in full, with DOIs and PubMed links.

## Primary Sources

The citations below are the full references for every study cited across this site. Each citation is listed with its DOI and PubMed or PMC URL where available. Outbound links go to PubMed, PubMed Central, ClinicalTrials.gov, and journal publisher pages — primary sources only.

## References

[1] He L, Feng D, Guo H, Zhou Y, Li Z, Zhang K, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9794587/
[2] McGuire FP, Martinez R, Lenz A, Skinner L, Cushman DM. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2025;18(12):611-619. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12446177/
[3] Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Brcic L, et al. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in trials for inflammatory bowel disease (PL-10, PLD-116, PL 14736, Pliva, Croatia). Full and distended stomach, and vascular response. Inflammopharmacology. 2006;14(5-6):214-221. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17186181/
[4] Vasireddi N, Hahamyan H, Salata MJ, Karns M, Calcei JG, Voos JE, Apostolakos JM. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS Journal: The Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery. 2025;21(4):485-495. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15563316251355551
[5] Matek D, Matek I, Staresinic E, Japjec M, Bojanic I, Boban Blagaic A, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy After Surgical Detachment of the Quadriceps Muscle from Its Attachments for Muscle-to-Bone Reattachment in Rats. Pharmaceutics. 2025. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11768438/
[6] Cerovecki T, Bojanic I, Brcic L, Radic B, Vukoja I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736) improves ligament healing in the rat. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2010;28:1155-1161. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20225319/
[7] Xue XC, Wu YJ, Gao MT, Li WG, Zhao N, Wang ZL, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2004;10(7):1032-1036. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15052688/
[8] Duzel A, Vlainic J, Antunovic M, et al. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the treatment of colitis and ischemia and reperfusion in rats: New insights. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2017;23(48):8465-8488. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29358856/
[9] Perovic D, Kolenc D, Bilic V, Somun N, Drmic D, Elabjer E, et al. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 can improve the healing course of spinal cord injury and lead to functional recovery in rats. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2019. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6604284/
[10] Vukojevic J, Milavic M, Perovic D, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system. Neural Regeneration Research. 2022;17(3):482-487. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34380875/
[11] Brcic L, Brcic I, Staresinic M, Novinscak T, Sikiric P, Seiwerth S. Modulatory effect of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on angiogenesis in muscle and tendon healing. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2009;60 Suppl 7:191-196. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20388964/
[12] Seiwerth S, Milavic M, Vukojevic J, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021;12:627533. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8275860/
[13] Chang CH, Tsai WC, Hsu YH, Pang JH. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. Molecules. 2014. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6271067/
[14] Tohyama Y, Sikirić P, Diksic M. Effects of pentadecapeptide BPC157 on regional serotonin synthesis in the rat brain: alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan autoradiographic measurements. Life Sciences. 2004;76(3):345-357. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15531385/
[15] Novinscak T, Brcic L, Staresinic M, Jukic I, Radic B, Pevec D, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as an effective therapy for muscle crush injury in the rat. Surgery Today. 2008;38(8):716-725. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18668315/
[16] Sebecic B, Nikolic V, Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Sosa T, Patrlj L, et al. Osteogenic effect of a gastric pentadecapeptide, BPC-157, on the healing of segmental bone defect in rabbits: a comparison with bone marrow and autologous cortical bone implantation. Bone. 1999;24(3):195-202. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10071911/
[17] Demirtas H, Ozer A, Yildirim AK, Dursun AD, Sezen SC, Arslan M. Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Experimental Lower-Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):291. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11857380/
[18] Yuan C, Demers A, Silva-Ortiz V, Hasoon JJ, Lee W, Dave K, Amirdelfan K, Burke HW, Christo PJ, Robinson CL. From Regeneration to Analgesia: The Role of BPC-157 in Tissue Repair and Pain Management. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026;27(6):2876. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41898733/
[19] Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/
[20] Hsieh MJ, Liu HT, Wang CN, Huang HY, Lin Y, Ko YS, Wang JS, Chang VH, Pang JH. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2017;95(3):323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[21] Author group (2025). BPC 157 Therapy: Targeting Angiogenesis and Nitric Oxide's Cytotoxic and Damaging Actions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18:1450. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41155565/
[22] Boban Blagaic A, Blagaic V, Mirt M, Jelovac N, Dodig G, Rucman R, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 effective against serotonin syndrome in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2005;512(2-3):173-179. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15840402/

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A literature digest drawn from peer-reviewed sources — not a clinic, not a vendor, not a prescription.